Prostate cancer: diagnostics and modern treatment

With an annual incidence of approximately 200 cases per 100,000 men in Western Europe, prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in men. The risk increases significantly, particularly after the age of 70. This makes accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment all the more important.

Risk Factors

Various factors have been discussed in recent years, including diet, excessive alcohol consumption, chronic inflammation, and UV radiation. However, only one risk factor has been scientifically confirmed:

• Family history: If a father or brother has had prostate cancer, the individual’s own risk is significantly increased.

How is prostate cancer diagnosed?

Diagnosis is a step-by-step process and involves several components:

Digital rectal exam and PSA level

In addition to a digital rectal exam of the prostate, the PSA level (prostate-specific antigen) is measured in the blood. However, this level can be influenced by various factors—such as inflammation, cycling, or ejaculation within 24 hours before the blood draw. A single elevated reading therefore does not provide conclusive evidence.

If the PSA level is abnormal, we recommend a follow-up test after 4 to 6 weeks to rule out temporary influences.

Prostate Biopsy

If the PSA level remains elevated, the next step is a tissue sample (biopsy). The standard method is ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy, in which tissue samples are taken through an access point in the rectum.

MRI-Fusion Prostate Biopsy

The MRI-fusion prostate biopsy offers significantly improved diagnostic accuracy. In this modern procedure, an MRI scan of the prostate is first performed. The MRI images are then overlaid with the ultrasound image, enabling more targeted sample collection.

The advantages at a glance:

• Approx. 70% detection rate — compared to around 40% with conventional biopsy
• Aggressive carcinomas are detected more frequently
• European guidelines recommend an MRI scan prior to every biopsy

This method thus represents a significant advance in prostate cancer diagnostics and simultaneously helps determine whether a biopsy is necessary at all.

Personalized Treatment at UROMED

At the UROMED Center of Excellence for Urology in Vienna, we offer you a comprehensive evaluation using state-of-the-art procedures. Together with you, we develop a personalized treatment plan tailored to your individual situation.