Inflammation of the prostate (prostatitis): symptoms, causes and treatment

The prostate is a small gland located below the bladder that plays an important role in male reproduction. Inflammation of the prostate—known as prostatitis—is one of the most common urological conditions and is often mistaken for a urinary tract infection, as the symptoms can be similar.

Symptoms of Prostate Inflammation

Prostatitis can manifest through various symptoms:

• Pain during urination: A burning or stinging sensation while urinating
• Frequent urge to urinate: The feeling of constantly needing to use the restroom
• Pain in the pelvic area: Discomfort in the groin, perineum, lower back, or lower abdomen
• Urinary flow problems: The urine stream is weak or interrupted
• Cramping lower abdominal pain: Pulling or pressing pain in the lower abdomen
• Frequent bowel movements: Due to the proximity of the prostate to the rectum

In cases of severe prostatitis, a high fever may also occur, requiring immediate medical attention.

Causes of Prostatitis

The causes of prostatitis are varied:

Bacterial infection

Bacteria can enter the prostate via the urethra or the bloodstream and cause inflammation there. This is the most common treatable cause.

Urethral stricture

A narrowed urethra leads to impaired urine flow, making it easier for bacteria to colonize the area.

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

Men over the age of 50 often develop benign prostatic hyperplasia, which obstructs urine flow and can promote inflammation.

Psychological Stress

Stress, tension, and psychological factors can trigger or exacerbate chronic prostatitis—even in the absence of detectable bacteria.

Diagnosis and Treatment

A thorough urological examination, including a urinalysis, ultrasound, and, if necessary, a digital rectal exam of the prostate, will clarify the cause. Depending on the findings, various treatment options are available—ranging from targeted antibiotic therapy to anti-inflammatory medications and supportive measures.