Undescended testicles in children: Causes, risks and treatment

Undescended testicles—medically known as cryptorchidism—means that one or both testicles have not descended into the scrotum but have remained in the inguinal canal or even in the abdominal cavity. This condition is one of the most common congenital abnormalities in boys and is often detected within the first few months of life.

Why is early treatment so important?

An untreated undescended testicle carries serious risks:

• Reduced fertility: The higher body temperature in the inguinal canal or abdominal cavity permanently impairs sperm production
• Increased risk of cancer: A testicle that is not properly positioned has a significantly higher risk of becoming cancerous later in life
• Psychological stress: During adolescence, an empty scrotum can cause emotional distress

For these reasons, treatment should absolutely be completed before the end of the first year of life.

How can you recognize undescended testicles?

The most important sign: You cannot see or feel your child’s testicle in the scrotum. Sometimes the testicle is in the scrotum but repeatedly slides back into the inguinal canal (known as a pendulous testicle). If you notice that your child’s scrotum appears empty or feels asymmetrical, you should schedule a urology appointment as soon as possible.

Diagnosis of Undescended Testicles

Various examination methods are available for an accurate diagnosis:

• Physical examination: The urologist carefully palpates the area to determine if and where the testicle is located
• Ultrasound examination: This helps determine the exact position of the testicle in the inguinal canal
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): In cases where the testicle cannot be felt, MRI helps locate the testicle within the abdominal cavity
• Laparoscopy (abdominal endoscopy): In rare cases, a minimally invasive examination of the abdominal cavity is necessary to locate the testicle

Treatment Options

Treatment is carried out in stages:

Medication

Hormone therapy may be attempted as a first step. Certain hormones stimulate the descent of the testicle into the scrotum. However, this therapy is not successful in every patient.

Surgical Treatment (Orchidopexy)

If drug therapy is unsuccessful, the testicle is moved into the scrotum and secured there during a minor surgical procedure. This procedure is now routine and is very well tolerated in most cases.

At UROMED, we provide you with detailed counseling and guide you and your child step by step through the entire treatment process.